The pretty Leopard Magpie Moth (Zeronopsis leopardina) boasts black wings with bold yellow markings resembling a leopard’s pattern, reaching up to 5cm long.
This moth is a notorious pest for cycad enthusiasts in South Africa. Belonging to the looper family, these brightly coloured caterpillars are destructive devourers, leaving cycads bare and potentially endangering native species. They feed gregariously on cycad leaves, stripping them bare in groups.
Pupae winter underground, emerging as moths in spring-summer. Females lay eggs on cycads that hatch in a few days into caterpillars that feast for months before pupating.
“The cycad Leopard moth can be quite destructive to cycads, as their larvae feed on the new growth. The larvae of the Leopard moth destroy the fresh leaves of cycads, which can defoliate and kill the plant. They can destroy an entire cycad within days,” says John Wesson of WESSA.
The caterpillars spread easily, infecting new cycads.
Their voracious appetite can defoliate and kill cycads, including endangered species. It reduces reproduction: Damage to female cones hinders cycad seed production.
Other names for the Leopard moth include Cycad Looper, Pied Leopard Moth caterpillar, Luiperd mot (Afrikaans) and Cycad Borer.
Here are some steps to combat them:
• Monitor your cycads regularly. Look for signs of the moth, such as eggs on new growth and caterpillars feeding on the leaves.
• Hand-picking: Early detection is key! Remove smaller caterpillars by hand when they’re easier to find.
• Natural control methods:
Insecticidal soap spray: Effective on younger caterpillars, but repeat applications might be needed.
• Use insecticide products containing cypermethrin or similar synthetic pyrethrum.
• Encourage natural predators like birds and beneficial insects that can help control the moth population. Beneficial insects like lacewings enjoy a caterpillar snack.
• Keep your cycads healthy and well-maintained, as healthy plants are more resistant to pests.
Physical barriers: Wrap mesh netting around cycads to prevent egg-laying and caterpillar access.
Chemical control
As a last resort, insecticides will have to be used to save your cycads.
Use selective options registered for cycads and follow label instructions meticulously.
Be aware of regulations: Check local regulations regarding insecticide use on specific plants and in your area.
Remember the risks: Insecticides can harm beneficial insects and pollute the environment. Use them only as a last resort and with caution.